ABSTRACT
Introduction: Chemical vasectomy being a non-surgicalprocedure is safe, convenient and functionally reliable, havingfewer complications in comparison to surgical vasectomy.Therefore aim of present study was to develop a simple nonsurgical technique of male sterility which consists of injectionof chemical agents, sclerosant, inducing the obstruction ofvas, through the skin of the scrotum directly.Material and Methods: Present clinical study was carriedout on the cases of benign hyperplasia of prostate, admitted insurgical wards of L.L.R Hospital, Kanpur for Prostatectomyduring the period of August 1982 to June 1983. Forty fivepatients were classified in 3 equal groups by using threedifferent chemical agents.Results: Best results were achieved with 0.2ml, since itobliterated about 1 cm of vas in each case sufficient length tobring about satisfactory obliteration. Quantity more than 0.2ml up to 0.3 ml was useful but more than 0.3 ml was not ableto obliterate length of vas in proportion to quantity.Conclusion: Best chemical appears to be 95% ethanolhaving better results than other two chemical agents and leastcomplications were observed with 95% ethanol.
ABSTRACT
The level of terrorist threats using chemical, biological, and radiological agents has been continuously increasing, and it is an undeniable truth that these agents are actually in use today. The fact that most chemical, biological, and radiological agents cause skin-related symptoms, and that the skin symptoms are observed at a relatively early stage of the condition, leads to the conclusion that dermatologists could be the first point of contact for potential victims of these agents. It is highly important that first responders are able to recognize symptoms caused by these agents early and react quickly. Therefore, dermatologists do have a responsibility to take on a role in dealing with chemical, biological, and radiological attacks, and pre-equip themselves with professional knowledge in this field. Among the various types of chemical agents, typical examples of agents causing skin-related symptoms are blistering agents, which lead to bullae and necrosis on the skin. Biological agents are classified from Category A to C according to their respective risk factors. The most dangerous Category A agents include anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever, all of which are known to show characteristic skin-related symptoms. Upon exposure to a certain level of radiation, radiological agents can also lead to erythema on the skin. In this article, we will discuss various characteristics and up-to-date treatment methods of potential chemical, biological, and radiological agents to help dermatologists advance their knowledge in this field.
Subject(s)
Anthrax , Biological Factors , Blister , Erythema , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral , Necrosis , Plague , Risk Factors , Skin , Smallpox , Terrorism , Tularemia , WeaponsABSTRACT
The level of terrorist threats using chemical, biological, and radiological agents has been continuously increasing, and it is an undeniable truth that these agents are actually in use today. The fact that most chemical, biological, and radiological agents cause skin-related symptoms, and that the skin symptoms are observed at a relatively early stage of the condition, leads to the conclusion that dermatologists could be the first point of contact for potential victims of these agents. It is highly important that first responders are able to recognize symptoms caused by these agents early and react quickly. Therefore, dermatologists do have a responsibility to take on a role in dealing with chemical, biological, and radiological attacks, and pre-equip themselves with professional knowledge in this field. Among the various types of chemical agents, typical examples of agents causing skin-related symptoms are blistering agents, which lead to bullae and necrosis on the skin. Biological agents are classified from Category A to C according to their respective risk factors. The most dangerous Category A agents include anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever, all of which are known to show characteristic skin-related symptoms. Upon exposure to a certain level of radiation, radiological agents can also lead to erythema on the skin. In this article, we will discuss various characteristics and up-to-date treatment methods of potential chemical, biological, and radiological agents to help dermatologists advance their knowledge in this field.
Subject(s)
Anthrax , Biological Factors , Blister , Erythema , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral , Necrosis , Plague , Risk Factors , Skin , Smallpox , Terrorism , Tularemia , WeaponsABSTRACT
Owing to the globalization and the fast development of new technologies, new chemical threats are arising, and the strategies for the defense against them are in urgent need to be adapted to the changes. Taking historical events of chemical terrorist attacks as examples, and based on the three major constituents (agent, target and dissemination), we evaluate the key notes in chemical terrorism scenarios and briefly discuss the deficiency of the current countermeasures against contemporary chemical terrorism.
ABSTRACT
Auto-injector, a spring-driven drug-device based combination production that automatically injects the drug into the skin via a pre-filled syringe or cartridge, allows minimally trained individuals to self-inject potentially life-saving medication when emergency medical care may be absent or remote, and thus has been becoming a supporting approach of emergency medicine for the first-aid. The auto-injector was developed originally by the United State of America, and experienced the three outstanding states including syrettes, single chamber auto-injectors and dual chamber auto-injectors from the battlefield to the civilianization. The current auto-injector devices have five different types named as ACE (AtroPen), ComboPen, Binaject, Soluject and Truject, respectively. The applied drugs to the systems for military use have atropine, pralidoxime chloride, obidoxime, diazepam and morphine sulfate. The other drugs for emergency medical use such as epinephrine, lidocaine hydrochloride and sumatriptan have been also applied to. All of the auto-injector based combination production have been twined with a simulator in order to conduct a training schedule before use. Importantly, the needle hidden or the device-status notification technique after injection has been becoming a trend in the technology advances of the auto-injectors.
ABSTRACT
Auto-injector, a spring-driven drug-device based combination production that automatically injects the drug into the skin via a pre-filled syringe or cartridge, allows minimally trained individuals to self-inject potentially life-saving medication when e-mergency medical care may be absent or remote, and thus has been becoming a supporting approach of emergency medicine for the first-aid. The auto-injector was developed originally by the United State of America, and experienced the three outstanding states in-cluding syrettes, single chamber auto-injectors and dual chamber auto-injectors from the battlefield to the civilianization. The current auto-injector devices have five different types named as ACE (AtroPen), ComboPen, Binaject, Soluject and Truject, respectively. The applied drugs to the systems for military use have atropine, pralidoxime chloride, obidoxime, diazepam and morphine sulfate. The oth-er drugs for emergency medical use such as epinephrine, lidocaine hydrochloride and sumatriptan have been also applied to. All of the auto-injector based combination production have been twined with a simulator in order to conduct a training schedule before use. Importantly, the needle hidden or the device-status notification technique after injection has been becoming a trend in the technology advances of the auto-injectors.
ABSTRACT
Owing to the globalization and the fast development of new technologies, new chemical threats are arising,and the strategies for the defense against them are in urgent need to be adapted to the changes. Taking historical events of chemical terrorist attacks as examples,and based on the three major constituents (agent,target and dissemination),we evaluate the key notes in chemical terrorism scenarios and briefly discuss the deficiency of the current countermeasures against contemporary chemical terrorism .